diff --git a/WindowsFormsApp6/MainForm.cs b/WindowsFormsApp6/MainForm.cs
index e0b1fed..f194590 100644
--- a/WindowsFormsApp6/MainForm.cs
+++ b/WindowsFormsApp6/MainForm.cs
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ using System.Data;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Windows.Forms;
 using System.IO;
+using System.IO.Ports;
+using System.Linq;
 using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
 using NPOI.XSSF.UserModel;
 using NPOI.SS.Util;
 using NPOIBorderStyle = NPOI.SS.UserModel.BorderStyle;
 using NPOIHorizontalAlignment = NPOI.SS.UserModel.HorizontalAlignment;
+using Modbus.Device;
 
 namespace WindowsFormsApp6
 {
@@ -17,6 +20,11 @@ namespace WindowsFormsApp6
         private Form2 form2Instance;
         private Form3 form3Instance;
         private System.Windows.Forms.Timer timeUpdateTimer;
+        
+        // 串口和Modbus相关
+        private SerialPort _serialPort;
+        private IModbusMaster _modbusMaster;
+        private System.Windows.Forms.Timer _readTimer;
 
         public MainForm()
         {
@@ -24,6 +32,7 @@ namespace WindowsFormsApp6
             InitializeTabControl();
             InitializeEmbeddedForms();
             InitializeTimeUpdate();
+            InitializeSerialPortAndModbus();
             CenterInfoControls();
         }
 
@@ -40,6 +49,467 @@ namespace WindowsFormsApp6
             timeUpdateTimer.Start();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化串口和Modbus通信
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitializeSerialPortAndModbus()
+        {
+            // 初始化读取定时器（信号量触发模式）
+            _readTimer = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer();
+            _readTimer.Interval = 100; // 100ms检查一次信号量
+            _readTimer.Tick += ReadTimer_Tick;
+
+            // 配置串口参数
+            _serialPort = new SerialPort
+            {
+                PortName = "COM2",
+                BaudRate = 19200,
+                DataBits = 8,
+                Parity = Parity.None,
+                StopBits = StopBits.One,
+                ReadTimeout = 500,
+                WriteTimeout = 500,
+                RtsEnable = false,
+                DtrEnable = false
+            };
+
+            try
+            {
+                // 打开串口
+                if (!_serialPort.IsOpen)
+                {
+                    _serialPort.Open();
+                    
+                    // 创建Modbus RTU主站
+                    _modbusMaster = ModbusSerialMaster.CreateRtu(_serialPort);
+                    _modbusMaster.Transport.WaitToRetryMilliseconds = 200;
+                    _modbusMaster.Transport.Retries = 1;
+                    _modbusMaster.Transport.ReadTimeout = 500;
+                    
+                    // 启动定时读取
+                    _readTimer.Start();
+                    
+                    ShowInfoMsg("数据采集器初始化成功");
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                ShowErrorMsg($"串口/Modbus初始化失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 定时读取Modbus数据（信号量触发模式）
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ReadTimer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (_modbusMaster == null || _serialPort == null || !_serialPort.IsOpen)
+                return;
+
+            try
+            {
+                byte slaveId = 1; // PLC从站地址
+
+                // 读取三个信号量（M103, M252, M310）
+                // Modbus地址：M103 = 103, M252 = 252, M310 = 310
+                // 使用ReadCoils读取线圈状态（M区）
+                
+                bool signalM103 = ReadCoil(slaveId, 103); // Form1信号量
+                bool signalM252 = ReadCoil(slaveId, 252); // Form2信号量
+                bool signalM310 = ReadCoil(slaveId, 310); // Form3信号量
+
+                // 根据信号量触发相应的数据读取
+                if (signalM103)
+                {
+                    ReadForm1Data(slaveId);
+                    // 读取完成后清除信号量
+                    WriteCoil(slaveId, 103, false);
+                }
+
+                if (signalM252)
+                {
+                    ReadForm2Data(slaveId);
+                    // 读取完成后清除信号量
+                    WriteCoil(slaveId, 252, false);
+                }
+
+                if (signalM310)
+                {
+                    ReadForm3Data(slaveId);
+                    // 读取完成后清除信号量
+                    WriteCoil(slaveId, 310, false);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                // 读取失败时不弹窗，避免频繁打扰用户
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Modbus读取失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 读取单个线圈状态
+        /// </summary>
+        private bool ReadCoil(byte slaveId, ushort address)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                bool[] coils = _modbusMaster.ReadCoils(slaveId, address, 1);
+                return coils[0];
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 写入单个线圈状态
+        /// </summary>
+        private void WriteCoil(byte slaveId, ushort address, bool value)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _modbusMaster.WriteSingleCoil(slaveId, address, value);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"写入线圈失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 读取Form1数据（液体吸收时间）
+        /// PLC地址：D200 - 时间(s)
+        /// 信号量：M103
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ReadForm1Data(byte slaveId)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // 读取D200寄存器（时间数据）
+                // 假设有5个试样，每个试样1个时间值
+                ushort[] registers = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(slaveId, 200, 5);
+
+                // 使用反射获取Form1的私有字段
+                var sampleDataTableField = form1Instance.GetType()
+                    .GetField("sampleDataTable", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                
+                if (sampleDataTableField != null)
+                {
+                    DataTable dataTable = sampleDataTableField.GetValue(form1Instance) as DataTable;
+                    
+                    if (dataTable != null)
+                    {
+                        // 清除旧的平均值行
+                        var avgRows = dataTable.Select("序号 = '平均时间(s)'");
+                        foreach (var row in avgRows)
+                        {
+                            dataTable.Rows.Remove(row);
+                        }
+
+                        // 创建新数据行
+                        DataRow dataRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        dataRow["序号"] = "时间(s)";
+                        
+                        // 填充时间数据（将寄存器值转换为实际时间，假设寄存器值为整数秒*10）
+                        for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(registers.Length, 5); i++)
+                        {
+                            double timeValue = registers[i] / 10.0; // 转换为秒
+                            dataRow[$"试样{i + 1}"] = timeValue;
+                        }
+                        
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(dataRow);
+
+                        // 计算并添加平均值行
+                        double totalAvg = 0;
+                        int count = 0;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(registers.Length, 5); i++)
+                        {
+                            totalAvg += registers[i] / 10.0;
+                            count++;
+                        }
+                        
+                        if (count > 0)
+                        {
+                            DataRow avgRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                            avgRow["序号"] = "平均时间(s)";
+                            avgRow["试样1"] = totalAvg / count;
+                            
+                            for (int i = 2; i <= 5; i++)
+                            {
+                                avgRow[$"试样{i}"] = DBNull.Value;
+                            }
+                            
+                            dataTable.Rows.Add(avgRow);
+                        }
+
+                        // 刷新显示
+                        dataTable.AcceptChanges();
+                        this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
+                        {
+                            // 触发Form1的界面刷新
+                            var refreshMethod = form1Instance.GetType()
+                                .GetMethod("RefreshDataGridView", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                            refreshMethod?.Invoke(form1Instance, null);
+                        }));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Form1数据读取成功：{registers.Length}个寄存器");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"读取Form1数据失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 读取Form2数据（液体吸收量）
+        /// PLC地址：D420 - 初始重量, D422 - 浸润后重量, D402 - 浸润时间, D406 - 悬挂时间
+        /// 信号量：M252
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ReadForm2Data(byte slaveId)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // 读取初始重量（D420开始，5个试样）
+                ushort[] initialWeights = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(slaveId, 420, 5);
+                
+                // 读取浸润后重量（D422开始，5个试样）
+                ushort[] afterWeights = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(slaveId, 422, 5);
+                
+                // 读取浸润时间（D402）
+                ushort[] soakTime = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(slaveId, 402, 1);
+                
+                // 读取悬挂时间（D406）
+                ushort[] hangTime = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(slaveId, 406, 1);
+
+                // 使用反射获取Form2的私有字段
+                var sampleDataTableField = form2Instance.GetType()
+                    .GetField("sampleDataTable", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                
+                if (sampleDataTableField != null)
+                {
+                    DataTable dataTable = sampleDataTableField.GetValue(form2Instance) as DataTable;
+                    
+                    if (dataTable != null)
+                    {
+                        dataTable.Clear();
+
+                        int count = Math.Min(initialWeights.Length, 5);
+
+                        // 转换数据（假设寄存器值为实际值*100）
+                        double[] initialWeightValues = new double[count];
+                        double[] afterWeightValues = new double[count];
+                        
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        {
+                            initialWeightValues[i] = initialWeights[i] / 100.0;
+                            afterWeightValues[i] = afterWeights[i] / 100.0;
+                        }
+
+                        // 1. 初始重量行
+                        DataRow initialRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        initialRow["序号"] = "初始重量(g)";
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        {
+                            initialRow[$"试样{i + 1}"] = initialWeightValues[i];
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(initialRow);
+
+                        // 2. 浸润后重量行
+                        DataRow afterRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        afterRow["序号"] = "浸润后重量(g)";
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        {
+                            afterRow[$"试样{i + 1}"] = afterWeightValues[i];
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(afterRow);
+
+                        // 3. 液体吸收量行 (%)
+                        DataRow absorptionRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        absorptionRow["序号"] = "液体吸收量(%)";
+                        double[] absorptions = new double[count];
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        {
+                            absorptions[i] = ((afterWeightValues[i] - initialWeightValues[i]) / initialWeightValues[i]) * 100;
+                            absorptionRow[$"试样{i + 1}"] = absorptions[i];
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(absorptionRow);
+
+                        // 4. 浸润时间行
+                        DataRow soakTimeRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        soakTimeRow["序号"] = "浸润时间";
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
+                        {
+                            soakTimeRow[$"试样{i}"] = $"{soakTime[0]}s";
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(soakTimeRow);
+
+                        // 5. 悬挂时间行
+                        DataRow hangTimeRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        hangTimeRow["序号"] = "悬挂时间";
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
+                        {
+                            hangTimeRow[$"试样{i}"] = $"{hangTime[0]}s";
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(hangTimeRow);
+
+                        // 6. 运行速度行（固定值或从其他寄存器读取）
+                        DataRow runSpeedRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        runSpeedRow["序号"] = "运行速度";
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
+                        {
+                            runSpeedRow[$"试样{i}"] = "100mm/min";
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(runSpeedRow);
+
+                        // 7. 液体吸收量平均值行
+                        DataRow avgRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        avgRow["序号"] = "液体吸收量平均值(%)";
+                        double avgAbsorption = absorptions.Average();
+                        avgRow["试样1"] = avgAbsorption;
+                        for (int i = 2; i <= count; i++)
+                        {
+                            avgRow[$"试样{i}"] = DBNull.Value;
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(avgRow);
+
+                        // 8. 液体吸收量最大值行
+                        DataRow maxRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        maxRow["序号"] = "液体吸收量最大值(%)";
+                        double maxAbsorption = absorptions.Max();
+                        maxRow["试样1"] = maxAbsorption;
+                        for (int i = 2; i <= count; i++)
+                        {
+                            maxRow[$"试样{i}"] = DBNull.Value;
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(maxRow);
+
+                        // 9. 标准偏差行
+                        DataRow stdDevRow = dataTable.NewRow();
+                        stdDevRow["序号"] = "标准偏差";
+                        double stdDev = CalculateStandardDeviation(absorptions);
+                        stdDevRow["试样1"] = stdDev;
+                        for (int i = 2; i <= count; i++)
+                        {
+                            stdDevRow[$"试样{i}"] = DBNull.Value;
+                        }
+                        dataTable.Rows.Add(stdDevRow);
+
+                        // 刷新显示
+                        dataTable.AcceptChanges();
+                        this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
+                        {
+                            var refreshMethod = form2Instance.GetType()
+                                .GetMethod("RefreshDataGridView", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                            refreshMethod?.Invoke(form2Instance, null);
+                        }));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Form2数据读取成功");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"读取Form2数据失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 读取Form3数据（液体芯吸速率）
+        /// PLC地址：D456 - 吸水时间(s)
+        /// 信号量：M310
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ReadForm3Data(byte slaveId)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // 读取吸水时间（D456开始，5个试样 * 3次测试 = 15个寄存器）
+                ushort[] wickingTimes = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(slaveId, 456, 15);
+
+                // 使用反射获取Form3的私有字段
+                var sampleDataTableField = form3Instance.GetType()
+                    .GetField("sampleDataTable", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                
+                if (sampleDataTableField != null)
+                {
+                    DataTable dataTable = sampleDataTableField.GetValue(form3Instance) as DataTable;
+                    
+                    if (dataTable != null && dataTable.Rows.Count > 0)
+                    {
+                        // 获取第一行（吸水时间行）
+                        DataRow timeRow = dataTable.Rows[0];
+                        
+                        // 填充吸水时间数据（假设寄存器值为实际时间*10）
+                        int registerIndex = 0;
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
+                        {
+                            if (registerIndex < wickingTimes.Length)
+                            {
+                                timeRow[$"试样{i}_1"] = wickingTimes[registerIndex++] / 10.0;
+                            }
+                            if (registerIndex < wickingTimes.Length)
+                            {
+                                timeRow[$"试样{i}_2"] = wickingTimes[registerIndex++] / 10.0;
+                            }
+                            if (registerIndex < wickingTimes.Length)
+                            {
+                                timeRow[$"试样{i}_3"] = wickingTimes[registerIndex++] / 10.0;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // 调用Form3的计算方法
+                        this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
+                        {
+                            var calculateMethod = form3Instance.GetType()
+                                .GetMethod("CalculateAllRows", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                            calculateMethod?.Invoke(form3Instance, null);
+
+                            var refreshMethod = form3Instance.GetType()
+                                .GetMethod("RefreshDataGridView", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                            refreshMethod?.Invoke(form3Instance, null);
+                        }));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Form3数据读取成功");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"读取Form3数据失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 计算标准偏差
+        /// </summary>
+        private double CalculateStandardDeviation(double[] values)
+        {
+            if (values == null || values.Length <= 1) return 0;
+            
+            double avg = values.Average();
+            double sumOfSquares = values.Sum(val => Math.Pow(val - avg, 2));
+            return Math.Sqrt(sumOfSquares / (values.Length - 1));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示错误消息
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ShowErrorMsg(string message)
+        {
+            MessageBox.Show(message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 显示信息消息
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ShowInfoMsg(string message)
+        {
+            MessageBox.Show(message, "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
+        }
+
         private void InitializeTabControl()
         {
             tabControl1.SelectedIndexChanged += TabControl1_SelectedIndexChanged;
@@ -830,8 +1300,29 @@ namespace WindowsFormsApp6
 
         private void MainForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
         {
+            // 停止并释放定时器
             timeUpdateTimer?.Stop();
             timeUpdateTimer?.Dispose();
+            
+            _readTimer?.Stop();
+            _readTimer?.Dispose();
+            
+            // 关闭Modbus和串口
+            try
+            {
+                _modbusMaster?.Dispose();
+                
+                if (_serialPort != null && _serialPort.IsOpen)
+                {
+                    _serialPort.Close();
+                }
+                _serialPort?.Dispose();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"关闭串口失败：{ex.Message}");
+            }
+            
             Application.Exit();
         }