diff --git a/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindow.xaml b/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindow.xaml
index 5880810..c8795e6 100644
--- a/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindow.xaml
+++ b/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindow.xaml
@@ -872,7 +872,6 @@
                             <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                             <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                             <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
-                            <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                         <Button Content="前进"
                             Tag="SpeedTorqueForward"
@@ -896,20 +895,16 @@
                             LostTouchCapture="ManualMotionButton_LostTouchCapture"
                             Margin="8,0,8,0" />
                         <Button Grid.Column="2"
-                            Content="{Binding VentValveButtonText}"
-                            Command="{Binding VentValveCommand}"
-                            Margin="8,0,8,0" />
-                        <Button Grid.Column="3"
                             Content="{Binding SpeedTorqueTestButtonText}"
                             Command="{Binding StartSpeedTorqueCommand}"
                             Style="{StaticResource StartButtonStyle}"
                             Margin="8,0,8,0" />
-                        <Button Grid.Column="4"
+                        <Button Grid.Column="3"
                             Content="停止"
                             Command="{Binding StopSpeedTorqueCommand}"
                             Style="{StaticResource StopButtonStyle}"
                             Margin="8,0,8,0" />
-                        <Button Grid.Column="5"
+                        <Button Grid.Column="4"
                             Content="{Binding SpeedTorqueResetButtonText}"
                             Command="{Binding ResetSpeedTorqueCommand}"
                             Margin="8,0,0,0" />
diff --git a/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindowViewModel.cs b/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindowViewModel.cs
index a6a48e4..6f7b302 100644
--- a/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindowViewModel.cs
+++ b/DentistryHandpieces/MainWindowViewModel.cs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
     private const ushort AxialDoneCoil = 72;
     private const ushort AxialStopCoil = 73;
     private const ushort SpeedTorqueStartCoil = 80;
+    private const ushort SpeedTorqueEnabledCoil = 81;
     private const ushort SpeedTorqueDoneCoil = 82;
     private const ushort SpeedTorqueStopCoil = 83;
     private const ushort SpeedTorqueResetCoil = 90;
@@ -56,6 +57,11 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
     private const ushort AxialResetCoil = 95;
     private const ushort AxialResetEnabledCoil = 96;
     private const ushort AxialResetDoneCoil = 97;
+    private const ushort AxialForceZeroCoil = 1100;
+    private const ushort TorqueZeroCoil = 1101;
+    private const ushort SpeedZeroCoil = 1300;
+    private const ushort PressureZeroCoil = 1301;
+    private const ushort SecondaryTorqueZeroCoil = 1302;
     private const ushort SpeedTorquePositionRegister = 14;
     private const ushort AxialPositionRegister = 16;
     private const ushort AxialSampleStartRegister = 72;
@@ -208,7 +214,6 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
     private bool _isApplyingParameterConfigToInputs;
     private bool _isDisplacementResetting;
     private bool _isSpeedTorqueResetting;
-    private bool _isVentValveOpen;
     private bool _hasShownSpeedTorqueEndWarnings;
     private DateTime _lastParameterReadFailureLogAt = DateTime.MinValue;
     private string _dialIndicatorText = "0.000 mm";
@@ -247,7 +252,6 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
     private string _noLoadSpeedTestButtonText = "测试";
     private string _displacementResetButtonText = "复位";
     private string _speedTorqueResetButtonText = "复位";
-    private string _ventValveButtonText = "开启通气阀";
 
     public MainWindowViewModel(IPlcCoilService plcCoilService, IPlcRegisterService plcRegisterService, IFileDialogService fileDialogService)
     {
@@ -271,7 +275,6 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         SelectAxialJumpForceSetpointModeCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(SelectAxialJumpForceSetpointModeAsync);
         ForwardSpeedTorqueCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(ForwardSpeedTorqueAsync);
         BackwardSpeedTorqueCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(BackwardSpeedTorqueAsync);
-        VentValveCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(ToggleVentValveAsync);
         StartSpeedTorqueCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(StartSpeedTorqueAsync);
         StopSpeedTorqueCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(StopSpeedTorqueAsync);
         ResetSpeedTorqueCommand = new AsyncRelayCommand(ResetSpeedTorqueAsync);
@@ -328,8 +331,6 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
 
     public IAsyncRelayCommand BackwardSpeedTorqueCommand { get; }
 
-    public IAsyncRelayCommand VentValveCommand { get; }
-
     public IAsyncRelayCommand StartSpeedTorqueCommand { get; }
 
     public IAsyncRelayCommand StopSpeedTorqueCommand { get; }
@@ -690,12 +691,6 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         private set => SetProperty(ref _speedTorqueResetButtonText, value);
     }
 
-    public string VentValveButtonText
-    {
-        get => _ventValveButtonText;
-        private set => SetProperty(ref _ventValveButtonText, value);
-    }
-
     private async void RealtimeTimer_Tick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
     {
         if (_isReadingRealtime)
@@ -732,7 +727,13 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
             _realtimeSpeed = realtimeSpeed;
             AppendTorqueSample(GetScaledTorque(), DateTime.Now);
             ApplyResetCoilValues(coilValues);
-            UpdateVentValveState(ReadCoilValue(coilValues, VentValveCoil));
+            bool isVentValveOpen = ReadCoilValue(coilValues, VentValveCoil);
+            if (_isSpeedTorqueRunning && !isVentValveOpen)
+            {
+                Log.Error("转速/扭矩测试运行中检测到通气阀关闭，M{VentValveCoil}=0，立即停止测试", VentValveCoil);
+                await AutoStopSpeedTorqueAsync("状态：通气阀关闭保护，已停止");
+            }
+
             CaptureRealtimeSample(dialIndicator, coilValues);
             FinalizeNoLoadSpeedRunIfDue();
             QueueSnapshotIfDue();
@@ -2097,28 +2098,49 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         await MoveSpeedTorqueDisplacementAsync();
     }
 
-    private async Task ToggleVentValveAsync()
+    private async Task<bool> WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(bool targetState, string reason)
     {
         try
         {
+            PlcConnectionConfig config = _parameterConfig.ToPlcConnectionConfig();
+            await _plcCoilService.WriteCoilAsync(config, VentValveCoil, targetState);
+            await Task.Delay(100);
+
             IReadOnlyDictionary<ushort, bool> values = await _plcCoilService.ReadCoilValuesAsync(
-                _parameterConfig.ToPlcConnectionConfig(),
-                [VentValveCoil]);
-            bool targetState = !ReadCoilValue(values, VentValveCoil);
+                config,
+                [VentValveCoil, SpeedTorqueEnabledCoil]);
+            bool actualState = ReadCoilValue(values, VentValveCoil);
+            bool speedTorqueEnabled = ReadCoilValue(values, SpeedTorqueEnabledCoil);
+            if (actualState != targetState)
+            {
+                StatusText = targetState
+                    ? "通气阀未能保持开启，已阻止测试启动。"
+                    : "通气阀未能关闭，请检查 PLC 状态。";
+                Log.Error(
+                    "PLC通气阀状态校验失败：原因 {Reason}，要求 M{VentValveCoil}={Expected}，实际 {Actual}，扭矩使能 M{EnabledCoil}={Enabled}",
+                    reason,
+                    VentValveCoil,
+                    targetState ? 1 : 0,
+                    actualState ? 1 : 0,
+                    SpeedTorqueEnabledCoil,
+                    speedTorqueEnabled ? 1 : 0);
+                return false;
+            }
 
-            await _plcCoilService.WriteCoilAsync(
-                _parameterConfig.ToPlcConnectionConfig(),
+            Log.Information(
+                "PLC通气阀状态校验成功：原因 {Reason}，M{VentValveCoil}={Value}，扭矩使能 M{EnabledCoil}={Enabled}",
+                reason,
                 VentValveCoil,
-                targetState);
-
-            UpdateVentValveState(targetState);
-            StatusText = targetState ? "通气阀已开启。" : "通气阀已关闭。";
-            Log.Information("PLC常开触点开关成功：通气阀，M{CoilAddress}={Value}", VentValveCoil, targetState ? 1 : 0);
+                actualState ? 1 : 0,
+                SpeedTorqueEnabledCoil,
+                speedTorqueEnabled ? 1 : 0);
+            return true;
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            StatusText = $"PLC 通气阀开关失败：{OperatorMessageFormatter.FromException(ex)}";
-            Log.Error(ex, "PLC常开触点开关失败：通气阀，M{CoilAddress}", VentValveCoil);
+            StatusText = $"PLC 通气阀状态确认失败：{OperatorMessageFormatter.FromException(ex)}";
+            Log.Error(ex, "PLC通气阀状态确认失败：原因 {Reason}，M{VentValveCoil}", reason, VentValveCoil);
+            return false;
         }
     }
 
@@ -2338,13 +2360,46 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
             return;
         }
 
+        SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "归零中";
+        StatusText = "转速/扭矩测试启动前归零中。";
+        if (!await ExecuteZeroingSequenceAsync(
+                "转速/扭矩测试",
+                (TorqueZeroCoil, "扭矩归零 M1101"),
+                (SpeedZeroCoil, "转速归零 M1300"),
+                (PressureZeroCoil, "压力归零 M1301"),
+                (SecondaryTorqueZeroCoil, "扭矩归零 M1302")))
+        {
+            SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "测试";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(true, "转速/扭矩测试启动前"))
+        {
+            SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "测试";
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!await PulsePlcAsync(SpeedTorqueStartCoil, "转速/扭矩测试"))
         {
+            await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(false, "转速/扭矩测试启动失败");
+            SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "测试";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(true, "转速/扭矩测试启动后"))
+        {
+            await PulsePlcAsync(SpeedTorqueStopCoil, "通气阀未保持开启，停止转速/扭矩测试");
+            await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(false, "转速/扭矩测试启动后校验失败");
+            StatusText = "测试启动后通气阀未保持开启，已发送停止指令。";
+            SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "测试";
             return;
         }
 
         if (!TryGetRealtimeSpeed(out _) || !TryGetRealtimeTorque(out _))
         {
+            await PulsePlcAsync(SpeedTorqueStopCoil, "实时数据无效，停止转速/扭矩测试");
+            await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(false, "转速/扭矩测试启动数据无效");
+            SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "测试";
             UpdateSpeedTorqueDisplay();
             return;
         }
@@ -2362,7 +2417,13 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         AppendTorqueSample(GetScaledTorque(), _speedTorqueStartedAt.Value);
         _maxSpeedTorqueDisplacement = Math.Max(_maxSpeedTorqueDisplacement, Math.Abs(_speedTorqueDisplacement));
         UpdateSpeedTorqueDisplay();
-        Log.Information("转速/扭矩测试已启动，起始转速 {Speed}，起始扭矩 {Torque}，起始位移 {Displacement}", _realtimeSpeed, GetScaledTorque(), _speedTorqueDisplacement);
+        Log.Information(
+            "转速/扭矩测试已启动，通气阀 M{VentValveCoil}=1，启动 M{StartCoil}已触发，起始转速 {Speed}，起始扭矩 {Torque}，起始位移 {Displacement}",
+            VentValveCoil,
+            SpeedTorqueStartCoil,
+            _realtimeSpeed,
+            GetScaledTorque(),
+            _speedTorqueDisplacement);
         await AutoStopIfSpeedTorqueProtectionReachedAsync();
     }
 
@@ -2415,6 +2476,7 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
             _hasShownSpeedTorqueEndWarnings = false;
             ClearTorqueSamples();
             UpdateSpeedTorqueDisplay();
+            await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(false, "转速/扭矩复位");
             Log.Information("转速/扭矩复位完成，零点 {ZeroPosition}", _speedTorqueZero);
         }
         finally
@@ -2452,13 +2514,26 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
             return;
         }
 
+        DisplacementTestButtonText = "归零中";
+        StatusText = "轴向测试启动前归零中。";
+        if (!await ExecuteZeroingSequenceAsync(
+                "轴向测试",
+                (AxialForceZeroCoil, "轴向力归零 M1100")))
+        {
+            DisplacementTestButtonText = "测试";
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!await PulsePlcAsync(AxialStartCoil, "轴向测试"))
         {
+            DisplacementTestButtonText = "测试";
             return;
         }
 
         if (!TryGetDialValue(out _) || !TryGetAxialForceValue(out _))
         {
+            await PulsePlcAsync(AxialStopCoil, "实时数据无效，停止轴向测试");
+            DisplacementTestButtonText = "测试";
             UpdateDisplacementDisplay();
             return;
         }
@@ -2589,6 +2664,32 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         }
     }
 
+    private async Task<bool> ExecuteZeroingSequenceAsync(
+        string testName,
+        params (ushort CoilAddress, string ActionName)[] zeroingActions)
+    {
+        foreach ((ushort coilAddress, string actionName) in zeroingActions)
+        {
+            if (!await PulsePlcAsync(coilAddress, actionName))
+            {
+                StatusText = $"{testName}启动已阻止：{actionName}失败。";
+                Log.Error(
+                    "{TestName}启动前归零失败，停止启动序列，失败点位 M{CoilAddress}，动作 {ActionName}",
+                    testName,
+                    coilAddress,
+                    actionName);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        StatusText = $"{testName}归零完成，正在启动测试。";
+        Log.Information(
+            "{TestName}启动前归零序列完成，点位 {ZeroingCoils}",
+            testName,
+            string.Join(", ", zeroingActions.Select(static action => $"M{action.CoilAddress}")));
+        return true;
+    }
+
     private async Task<bool> BeginAxialManualMotionAsync(ushort coilAddress, string actionName)
     {
         if (!await WriteManualMotionCoilAsync(coilAddress, true, $"{actionName}按下"))
@@ -2822,6 +2923,9 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
     {
         if (!TryGetRealtimeSpeed(out double speed) || !TryGetRealtimeTorque(out double torque))
         {
+            _isSpeedTorqueRunning = false;
+            SpeedTorqueTestButtonText = "测试";
+            await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(false, "转速/扭矩测试结束数据无效");
             UpdateSpeedTorqueDisplay();
             return;
         }
@@ -2837,6 +2941,11 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         PersistCurrentPayloadSnapshot("转速/扭矩测试停止");
         UpdateSpeedTorqueDisplay();
         Log.Information("转速/扭矩测试停止：{Status}，最终位移 {FinalDisplacement}，最终转速 {FinalSpeed}，最终扭矩 {FinalTorque}", status, _finalSpeedTorqueDisplacement, _finalSpeed, _finalTorque);
+        if (!await WriteAndVerifyVentValveStateAsync(false, "转速/扭矩测试结束"))
+        {
+            StatusText = "测试已停止，但通气阀关闭状态未确认，请检查设备。";
+        }
+
         await ShowSpeedTorqueEndWarningsAsync();
     }
 
@@ -2926,12 +3035,6 @@ public sealed class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
         SpeedTorqueResetButtonText = _isSpeedTorqueResetting || enabled ? "复位中" : "复位";
     }
 
-    private void UpdateVentValveState(bool isOpen)
-    {
-        _isVentValveOpen = isOpen;
-        VentValveButtonText = _isVentValveOpen ? "关闭通气阀" : "开启通气阀";
-    }
-
     private static bool ReadCoilValue(IReadOnlyDictionary<ushort, bool> coilValues, ushort address)
     {
         return coilValues.TryGetValue(address, out bool value) && value;